There are two ways of doing this without disabling automatic updates. The first way will work on Home, Pro, and Enterprise editions. The second method involves the Group Policy Editor and will only work in Pro and Enterprise editions.
The first solution involves making a registry modification. I do not suggest this method since it involves modifying the registry and anything involving modifying the registry is not the best practice, since you can wreck your computer this way.
Open the registry editor.
Navigate to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\WindowsUpdate\AU
(If the key doesn’t exist you will need to create it)
Create a new DWORD value called AUOptions and enter a value of either 2 or 3.
(2 = Notify before download)
(3 = Automatically download and notify of installation)
Restart your PC
The cleaner solution is to use the group policy editor as follows:
Open the Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc)
Navigate to
Computer Configuration \ Administrative Templates \ Windows Components \ Windows Update
Open
Configure Automatic Updates
Enable the policy and make any changes here you want.
Optionally you may want to also enable
Re-prompt for restart with scheduled installations
and set the interval to the largest possible value (1440 which is 24 hours) just so you don’t keep getting the pop up every 10 minutes after it actually does an update.
Restart your PC
Note: Restarting or shutting down from the start menu doesn’t seem to trigger the install process after this.